Using New-PnPSite With A Multi Geo Tenant

If you try to run the PnP PowerShell command New-PnPSite using a managed identity or App Registration, in a multi-geo tenant, it will create the site in the default geo. To get around this, you can use the PreferredDataLocation parameter to set the desired location, but you’ll also need to update your MS Graph permissions.

If you run the New-PnPSite command with the -PreferredDataLocation parameter and your permission are not correct, you will receive this error:

Code: Authorization_RequestDenied Message: The requesting principal is not authorized to set group preferred data location.

Open your App Registration and add the following MS Graph application permissions:
Group.Create, Group.ReadWrite.All, Directory.ReadWrite.All

New-PnPSite -Type TeamSite -PreferredDataLocation NAM -Title "Test" -Alias "Test0001" -Description "my test site" -Owners email@domain.com -Wait

Other people who had the same issue:
https://github.com/pnp/powershell/issues/2629
https://github.com/pnp/PnP-PowerShell/issues/2682
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/1099399/unable-to-create-modern-team-site-using-pnp-powers

Complete list of the geo codes can be found here:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/enterprise/multi-geo-add-group-with-pdl?view=o365-worldwide#geo-location-codes

Set of geo codes as of March 2024:

How to upload a large file to SharePoint using the Microsoft Graph API

What started as a simple question from a co-worker turned into a rabbit hole exploration session that lasted a bit longer than anticipated. ‘Hey, I need to upload a report to SharePoint using Python.’

In the past, I’ve used SharePoint Add-in permissions to create credentials allowing an external service, app, or script to write to a site, library, list, or all of the above. However, the environment I’m currently working in does not allow Add-in permissions, and Microsoft has been slowly depreciating the service for a long time.

As of today (March 18, 2024) this is the only way I could find to upload a large file to SharePoint. Using the MS Graph SDK, you can upload files smaller than 4mb, but that is useless in most cases.

For the script below, the following items are needed:
Azure App Registration:
Microsoft Graph application permissions:
Files.ReadWrite.All
Sites.ReadWrite.All
SharePoint site
SharePoint library (aka drive)
File to test with

import requests
import msal
import atexit
import os.path
import urllib.parse
import os

TENANT_ID = '19a6096e-3456-7890-abcd-19taco8cdedd'
CLIENT_ID = '0cd0453d-cdef-xyz1-1234-532burrito98'
CLIENT_SECRET  = '.i.need.tacos-and.queso'
SHAREPOINT_HOST_NAME = 'tacoranch.sharepoint.com'
SITE_NAME = 'python'
TARGET_LIBRARY = 'reports'
UPLOAD_FILE = 'C:\\code\\test files\\LargeExcel.xlsx'
UPLOAD_FILE_NAME = 'LargeExcel.xlsx'
UPLOAD_FILE_DESCRIPTION = 'A large excel file' #not required

AUTHORITY = 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/' + TENANT_ID
ENDPOINT = 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0'

SCOPES = [
    'Files.ReadWrite.All',
    'Sites.ReadWrite.All'
]

cache = msal.SerializableTokenCache()

if os.path.exists('token_cache.bin'):
    cache.deserialize(open('token_cache.bin', 'r').read())

atexit.register(lambda: open('token_cache.bin', 'w').write(cache.serialize()) if cache.has_state_changed else None)

SCOPES = ["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]

app = msal.ConfidentialClientApplication(CLIENT_ID, authority=AUTHORITY, client_credential=CLIENT_SECRET, token_cache=cache)

result = None
result = app.acquire_token_silent(SCOPES, account=None)

drive_id = None

if result is None:
    result = app.acquire_token_for_client(SCOPES)

if 'access_token' in result:
    print('Token acquired')
else:
    print(result.get('error'))
    print(result.get('error_description'))
    print(result.get('correlation_id')) 

if 'access_token' in result:
    access_token = result['access_token']
    headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + access_token}

    # get the site id
    result = requests.get(f'{ENDPOINT}/sites/{SHAREPOINT_HOST_NAME}:/sites/{SITE_NAME}', headers=headers)
    result.raise_for_status()
    site_info = result.json()
    site_id = site_info['id']

    # get the drive / library id
    result = requests.get(f'{ENDPOINT}/sites/{site_id}/drives', headers=headers)
    result.raise_for_status()
    drives_info = result.json()
    
    for drive in drives_info['value']:
        if drive['name'] == TARGET_LIBRARY:
            drive_id = drive['id']
            break

    if drive_id is None:
        print(f'No drive named "{TARGET_LIBRARY}" found')

    # upload a large file to
    file_url = urllib.parse.quote(UPLOAD_FILE_NAME)
    result = requests.post(
        f'{ENDPOINT}/drives/{drive_id}/root:/{file_url}:/createUploadSession',
        headers=headers,
        json={
            '@microsoft.graph.conflictBehavior': 'replace',
            'description': UPLOAD_FILE_DESCRIPTION,
            'fileSystemInfo': {'@odata.type': 'microsoft.graph.fileSystemInfo'},
            'name': UPLOAD_FILE_NAME
        }
    )

    result.raise_for_status()
    upload_session = result.json()
    upload_url = upload_session['uploadUrl']

    st = os.stat(UPLOAD_FILE)
    size = st.st_size
    CHUNK_SIZE = 10485760
    chunks = int(size / CHUNK_SIZE) + 1 if size % CHUNK_SIZE > 0 else 0
    with open(UPLOAD_FILE, 'rb') as fd:
        start = 0
        for chunk_num in range(chunks):
            chunk = fd.read(CHUNK_SIZE)
            bytes_read = len(chunk)
            upload_range = f'bytes {start}-{start + bytes_read - 1}/{size}'
            print(f'chunk: {chunk_num} bytes read: {bytes_read} upload range: {upload_range}')
            result = requests.put(
                upload_url,
                headers={
                    'Content-Length': str(bytes_read),
                    'Content-Range': upload_range
                },
                data=chunk
            )
            result.raise_for_status()
            start += bytes_read

else:
    raise Exception('no access token')

In the script, I’m uploading the LargeExcel file to a library named reports in the python site. It is important to note that the words drive and library are used interchangeably when working with MS Graph. If you see a script example that does not specify a target library but only uses root, it will write the files to the default Documents / Shared Documents library.

Big thank you to Keath Milligan for providing the foundation of the script.
https://gist.github.com/keathmilligan/590a981cc629a8ea9b7c3bb64bfcb417